The Trump administration on Tuesday unveiled updated safety guidelines for self-driving cars aimed at clearing barriers for automakers and tech companies wanting to get test vehicles on the road.
The new voluntary guidelines announced by US Transportation Secretary Elaine Chao update policies issued last fall by the Obama administration, which were also largely voluntary.
Chao emphasised that the guidelines aren't meant to force automakers to use certain technology or meet stringent requirements. Instead, they're designed to clarify what vehicle developers and states should consider as more test cars reach public roads.
"We want to make sure those who are involved understand how important safety is," Chao said during a visit to an autonomous vehicle testing facility at the University of Michigan. "We also want to ensure that the innovation and the creativity of our country remain."
Under Obama administration, automakers were asked to follow a 15-point safety assessment before putting test vehicles on the road. The new guidelines reduce that to a 12-point voluntary assessment, asking automakers to consider things like cyber-security, crash protection, how the vehicle interacts with occupants and the backup plans if the vehicle encounters a problem. They no longer ask automakers to think about ethics or privacy issues or share information beyond crash data, as the previous guidelines did.
The guidelines also make clear that the federal government - not states - determines whether autonomous vehicles are safe. That is the same guidance the Obama administration gave.
States can still regulate autonomous vehicles, but they're encouraged not to pass laws that would throw barriers in front of testing and use. There is nothing to prohibit California, for instance, from requiring human backup drivers on highly automated vehicles, but the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration would discourage that.
Automakers - who were growing increasingly frustrated with the patchwork of state regulations - praised the guidelines.
"You are providing a streamlined, flexible system to accommodate the development and deployment of new technologies," Mitch Bainwol, the head of the Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers, told Chao at Tuesday's event. The alliance represents 12 major automakers, including General Motors, Mercedes-Benz and Toyota Motor.
But critics said the guidelines don't ensure self-driving technology is safe before going out on the road.
"NHTSA needs to be empowered to protect consumers against new hazards that may emerge, and to ensure automated systems work as they're supposed to without placing consumers at risk," said David Friedman, a former acting NHTSA administrator who now directs cars and product policy analysts for Consumers Union, the policy division of Consumer Reports magazine.
Regulators and lawmakers have been struggling to keep up with the pace of self-driving technology. There are no fully self-driving vehicles for sale, but autonomous cars with backup drivers are being tested in numerous states, including California, Nevada and Pennsylvania.
California, which is the only state that requires automakers to publicly report crashes of autonomous test vehicles, said Tuesday it was reviewing the new guidelines. California's Department of Motor Vehicles said it plans to continue to update its own guidelines, a process that should be completed by the end of this year.
Chao said the federal guidelines will be updated again next year.
"The technology in this field is accelerating at a much faster pace than I think many people expected," she said.
Chao said self-driving cars could help the blind and disabled and dramatically reduce crashes. Early estimates indicate there were more than 40,000 traffic fatalities in the US last year, and an estimated 94 percent of crashes involve human error.
Since the new guidelines are policy, not law, they don't legally change what the state and federal government and vehicle developers can do, said Bryant Walker Smith, a law professor at the University of South Carolina who tracks government policy on self-driving cars. Some countries, like South Korea, require pre-market government approval before autonomous vehicles can go out on the road, so the US is on the more lenient side, Smith said.
Chao's appearance came at a time of increased government focus on highly automated cars.
Earlier Tuesday, the National Transportation Safety Board concluded that Tesla's partially self-driving Autopilot system wasn't to blame for the 2016 death of a driver in Florida. But it said automakers should incorporate safeguards that keep drivers' attention engaged and limit the use of automated systems to the areas they were designed for, like highways.
Last week, the US House voted to give the federal government the authority to exempt automakers from safety standards that don't apply to autonomous technology. If a company can prove it can make a safe vehicle with no steering wheel, for example, the federal government could approve that. The bill permits the deployment of up to 25,000 vehicles exempted from standards in its first year and 100,000 annually after that.
The Senate is now considering a similar bill.
Britain Sets Out Roadmap for Self Driving Vehicle Usage by 2025, Announces Plans for New Laws, Funding20 August 2022
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