Kerry said the loss of intellectual property through hacking has had a "chilling effect on innovation and investment," and said such activity is hurting U.S. companies.
(Also see: US to Ask China to Restart Cyber-Security Working Group)
He made no mention of a New York Times report suggesting significant Chinese hacking of information about U.S. government personnel.
Chinese foreign policy chief Yang Jiechi described cyber-security as a "common threat facing all countries."
Speaking through an interpreter, Yang said the issue required mutual trust. "Cyberspace should not become a tool for damaging the interests of other countries," he said.
The two countries have been at odds over US indictments of five senior Chinese military officials. Washington accused the officials of stealing trade secrets from U.S. companies and giving them to Chinese competitors.
China has rejected U.S. efforts to restart a working group on cyber-security, which Beijing suspended after the indictments were unsealed.
Yang said it was up to the United States to first create the proper conditions for renewed dialogue on the matter.
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